Cell wall synthesis is the process by which cells create and maintain their protective outer layer, known as the cell wall. This structure is primarily composed of cellulose in plants, peptidoglycan in bacteria, and chitin in fungi. The synthesis involves the assembly of various components, which are transported to the cell surface and linked together to form a rigid framework. During cell wall synthesis, enzymes play a crucial role in catalyzing the reactions needed to build the wall. For example, glycosyltransferases help in adding sugar units, while transpeptidases cross-link peptide chains in bacteria. This process is vital for maintaining cell shape, providing structural support, and protecting against environmental stress.