Transpeptidases are enzymes that play a crucial role in the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. They facilitate the cross-linking of peptide chains in the peptidoglycan layer, which provides structural integrity and shape to the bacteria. This process is essential for the survival of many bacteria, making transpeptidases important targets for antibiotics. One well-known antibiotic that inhibits transpeptidases is penicillin. By blocking these enzymes, penicillin disrupts cell wall formation, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. Understanding transpeptidases is vital for developing new antibacterial treatments and combating antibiotic resistance.