Cell culture techniques involve growing cells in a controlled environment outside their natural setting. This process allows scientists to study cell behavior, test drugs, and understand diseases. Common methods include using Petri dishes or flasks filled with a nutrient-rich medium that provides essential nutrients for cell growth. There are two main types of cell culture: primary culture, which uses cells directly from living tissues, and cell lines, which are cells that have been modified to grow indefinitely. These techniques are crucial in fields like biotechnology, pharmaceutical research, and genetics, enabling advancements in medicine and science.