Caveolins are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the formation of small invaginations in the cell membrane known as caveolae. These structures are involved in various cellular processes, including endocytosis, signal transduction, and lipid regulation. Caveolins are primarily found in adipocytes (fat cells) and muscle cells, where they help maintain cellular structure and function. There are three main types of caveolins: caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and caveolin-3. Each type has distinct roles in different tissues. For example, caveolin-3 is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, contributing to muscle cell function and signaling. Overall, caveolins are essential for maintaining cellular integrity and facilitating communication within and between cells.