Causality is the relationship between cause and effect, where one event (the cause) leads to another event (the effect). For example, if you water a plant, it grows; the act of watering is the cause, and the growth of the plant is the effect. Understanding causality helps us make sense of the world around us and predict outcomes based on actions. In science, establishing causality is crucial for experiments. Researchers often manipulate one variable to see how it affects another, like testing how different amounts of sunlight impact flower growth. This helps scientists understand the underlying mechanisms of natural phenomena and make informed decisions.