Catalytic hydrogenation is a chemical process that involves the addition of hydrogen (H₂) to unsaturated organic compounds, such as alkenes and alkynes. This reaction typically requires a catalyst, often made from metals like palladium, platinum, or nickel, to facilitate the reaction and increase its efficiency. The process is widely used in the production of various chemicals, including fats and oils. During catalytic hydrogenation, the unsaturated compound reacts with hydrogen gas in the presence of the catalyst, resulting in the formation of saturated compounds. This method is important in industries such as food processing, where it is used to convert liquid oils into solid fats, improving texture and shelf life.