Hydrogenation is a chemical process that involves adding hydrogen to unsaturated organic compounds, typically alkenes or alkynes. This reaction helps convert liquid oils into solid or semi-solid fats, making them more stable and improving their shelf life. The process is commonly used in the food industry to create products like margarine from vegetable oils. Additionally, hydrogenation is important in the production of various chemicals and fuels, contributing to the development of petrochemicals and biofuels.