Catalytic cracking is a chemical process used in the petroleum industry to convert heavy crude oil into lighter, more valuable products like gasoline and diesel. This process involves breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones using a catalyst, which is a substance that speeds up the reaction without being consumed. The catalyst, often made from materials like zeolites, helps facilitate the cracking process at lower temperatures and pressures compared to thermal cracking. This method not only increases the yield of valuable fuels but also improves the quality of the products, making them more efficient for use in vehicles and other applications.