Petroleum refining is the industrial process of converting crude oil into useful products such as gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals. This complex operation involves several stages, including distillation, cracking, and reforming, which separate and transform the various components of crude oil into valuable fuels and materials. The refining process not only produces fuels for transportation but also generates raw materials for the chemical industry. By utilizing advanced technologies and methods, refineries aim to maximize efficiency and minimize environmental impact, ensuring a steady supply of energy to meet global demands.