Cardiac surgeries are medical procedures performed to treat various heart conditions. These surgeries can address issues such as blocked arteries, heart valve problems, or congenital heart defects. Common types include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which improves blood flow to the heart, and heart valve repair or replacement, which fixes or replaces damaged valves. These procedures are typically conducted by a specialized doctor known as a cardiothoracic surgeon. Cardiac surgeries can be performed using traditional open-heart techniques or minimally invasive methods, which involve smaller incisions. The choice of procedure depends on the specific heart condition and the patient's overall health.