Cancer genomics is the study of the genetic changes that occur in cancer cells. It involves analyzing the DNA, RNA, and proteins of tumors to understand how these alterations contribute to cancer development and progression. By identifying specific mutations, researchers can better understand the mechanisms behind different types of cancer. This field also plays a crucial role in personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored based on the genetic profile of an individual's tumor. By targeting specific genetic mutations, therapies can be more effective and have fewer side effects, improving outcomes for patients with various forms of cancer.