Building orientation refers to the positioning of a structure in relation to the cardinal directions—north, south, east, and west. This alignment can significantly impact a building's energy efficiency, natural lighting, and overall comfort. For example, a building oriented to maximize sunlight exposure can reduce heating costs in colder climates. Proper building orientation also considers local climate and environmental factors. By strategically placing windows and overhangs, architects can enhance ventilation and reduce reliance on artificial heating and cooling systems. This thoughtful design approach contributes to sustainable architecture and can improve the quality of life for occupants.