Building materials are the substances used in construction to create structures like homes, bridges, and roads. Common materials include wood, concrete, steel, and brick. Each material has unique properties that make it suitable for different applications, such as strength, durability, and insulation. The choice of building materials can affect the overall cost, energy efficiency, and environmental impact of a project. For example, sustainable materials like bamboo and recycled steel are becoming popular due to their lower ecological footprint. Understanding the characteristics of various materials helps builders make informed decisions for their projects.