A bone marrow biopsy is a medical procedure used to collect a small sample of bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside bones that produces blood cells. This procedure helps doctors diagnose various conditions, including leukemia, lymphoma, and other blood disorders. It typically involves inserting a thin needle into the hip or breastbone to extract the marrow. The sample is then examined under a microscope to check for abnormal cells or other issues. A bone marrow biopsy can provide valuable information about a patient's overall health and guide treatment decisions. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort.