Bogs are wetland areas characterized by waterlogged, spongy ground and a buildup of peat, which is partially decayed plant material. They typically form in cooler climates and are found in regions like Northern Europe and Canada. Bogs are acidic and nutrient-poor, making them unique ecosystems that support specialized plant species, such as sphagnum moss and cranberries. These ecosystems play a crucial role in carbon storage, helping to mitigate climate change by trapping carbon dioxide. Bogs also provide habitat for various wildlife, including birds and insects, and are important for maintaining local water quality by filtering pollutants.