Birth defects are physical or functional abnormalities that occur during a baby’s development in the womb. They can affect how the body looks, works, or both. Some common types of birth defects include issues with the heart, spine, or limbs. The exact cause of many birth defects is often unknown, but they can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Preventive measures, such as taking prenatal vitamins and avoiding harmful substances during pregnancy, can help reduce the risk of certain birth defects. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes for babies born with these conditions, allowing for better management and support throughout their lives.