Biosensing is a technology that detects biological substances, such as proteins, DNA, or pathogens, using sensors. These sensors convert biological interactions into measurable signals, often electrical or optical, allowing for the analysis of health conditions or environmental factors. Biosensors are widely used in medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. The core components of a biosensor include a biological recognition element, like an enzyme or antibody, and a transducer that translates the interaction into a readable output. This technology has advanced significantly, leading to the development of portable devices that can provide rapid results, enhancing the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and environmental science.