Biological parents are the individuals who contribute genetic material to create a child. This includes the mother, who provides an egg, and the father, who provides sperm. Together, these cells combine during fertilization to form a new organism with a unique set of genes. The genetic information from biological parents influences various traits in their children, such as physical appearance, personality, and health predispositions. While biological parents play a crucial role in a child's genetic makeup, they may not always be the primary caregivers or have a legal relationship with the child.