Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are innovative technologies that combine biological processes with electrochemical reactions. They utilize microorganisms to convert organic matter into electrical energy or valuable chemicals. This process often occurs in devices like microbial fuel cells, where bacteria break down organic substrates, releasing electrons that can be captured as electricity. These systems have various applications, including wastewater treatment and renewable energy production. By harnessing the natural metabolic processes of microorganisms, BES can help reduce pollution while generating energy, making them a promising solution for sustainable development and environmental management.