Biochemical assays are laboratory techniques used to measure the presence, concentration, or activity of biomolecules, such as proteins, enzymes, or nucleic acids. These assays help researchers understand biological processes and can be used in various fields, including medicine, pharmacology, and biotechnology. Common types of biochemical assays include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), Western blotting, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each method has specific applications, such as detecting diseases, analyzing gene expression, or quantifying protein levels, making them essential tools in scientific research and diagnostics.