Beta radiation is a type of radiation that occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus transforms. During this process, a neutron in the nucleus changes into a proton and emits a high-energy electron, known as a beta particle. This transformation helps the nucleus achieve a more stable state. Beta radiation can penetrate materials more effectively than alpha radiation but is less penetrating than gamma radiation. It can travel several meters in air and can be stopped by materials like plastic or glass. While beta radiation can be harmful to living tissues, it is also used in various applications, including medical treatments and radiation therapy.