Base conversion is the process of changing a number from one numeral system to another. Common numeral systems include binary (base 2), decimal (base 10), and hexadecimal (base 16). Each system uses a different set of digits and has its own rules for representing values. For example, the decimal number 10 is represented as 1010 in binary. To convert a number, you can use various methods, such as repeated division or multiplication. For instance, to convert the decimal number 15 to binary, you would divide by 2 and record the remainders. The result is 1111 in binary, showing how the same value can be expressed in different bases.