A barium swallow study is a medical imaging test used to examine the esophagus and upper gastrointestinal tract. During the procedure, a patient drinks a liquid containing barium, a contrast material that helps highlight the esophagus on X-ray images. This allows doctors to assess swallowing function and identify any abnormalities, such as strictures or tumors. The test is typically performed in a radiology department. Patients may be asked to change positions while X-rays are taken to capture different angles. The entire process is usually quick, and the barium helps provide clear images for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.