Azo compounds are organic molecules characterized by the presence of a functional group known as the azo group, which consists of two nitrogen atoms connected by a double bond (–N=N–). These compounds are often brightly colored and are widely used in dyes, pigments, and various industrial applications. The color arises from the electronic structure of the azo group, which allows for the absorption of visible light. Azo compounds can be synthesized through a process called azo coupling, where an aryl diazonium salt reacts with an activated aromatic compound. They are important in the field of chemistry and materials science, with applications in textiles, food coloring, and even in the development of pharmaceuticals.