Autophagy is a natural process in which cells break down and recycle their own components. This mechanism helps maintain cellular health by removing damaged proteins and organelles, allowing cells to function more efficiently. It plays a crucial role in cellular maintenance, energy production, and adaptation to stress. During autophagy, cells form structures called autophagosomes that engulf unwanted materials. These structures then fuse with lysosomes, where the contents are degraded and reused. This process is essential for various biological functions, including development, immunity, and response to starvation, making it vital for overall health and longevity.