Automated train controls are systems that manage the operation of trains without the need for constant human intervention. These systems use sensors, computers, and communication technologies to monitor train speed, track conditions, and signals. This helps ensure safe and efficient travel by automatically adjusting the train's speed and stopping when necessary. One key component of automated train controls is the Positive Train Control (PTC) system, which prevents accidents by enforcing speed limits and stopping trains in emergency situations. These technologies enhance safety, reduce human error, and improve overall efficiency in the railway industry.