The autism spectrum refers to a range of developmental disorders characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Individuals on the spectrum may experience these challenges to varying degrees, which is why it is called a "spectrum." Some may have significant difficulties, while others may function independently and excel in certain areas. Autism is typically diagnosed in early childhood, but signs can appear as early as infancy. The exact cause of autism is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Early intervention and tailored support can help individuals with autism develop skills and improve their quality of life.