Attribution theory is a psychological framework that explains how individuals interpret and understand the causes of their own and others' behaviors. It focuses on whether people attribute actions to internal factors, such as personality traits, or external factors, like situational influences. This theory helps in understanding how perceptions can affect emotions and reactions. The theory is often applied in various fields, including education, business, and social psychology. For example, a teacher might attribute a student's poor performance to a lack of effort (internal) or to difficult circumstances at home (external). Understanding these attributions can improve communication and relationships.