Array antennas are a type of antenna system that consists of multiple individual antennas, known as elements, arranged in a specific geometric pattern. This configuration allows for improved performance in terms of gain, directivity, and beamforming. By adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signals from each element, array antennas can focus their energy in particular directions, making them ideal for applications like radar, satellite communication, and wireless networks. These antennas can be classified into two main types: linear arrays, where elements are arranged in a straight line, and planar arrays, where they are organized in a two-dimensional grid. The ability to steer the beam electronically without moving the antenna structure is a significant advantage, enabling dynamic tracking of targets or signals.