An aquifer is a natural underground layer of water-bearing rock or sediment that can store and transmit water. These formations are crucial for supplying fresh water to wells and springs, making them essential for drinking water, agriculture, and industry. Aquifers can be found in various locations around the world, often replenished by rainwater or surface water that seeps down through the soil. There are two main types of aquifers: confined aquifers, which are trapped between layers of impermeable rock, and unconfined aquifers, which are open to the surface. Understanding aquifers is vital for sustainable water management, especially in areas facing water scarcity or pollution challenges.