Antimicrobial agents are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They are commonly used in medicine to treat infections and can be found in various forms, such as antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics. These agents work by targeting specific functions or structures within the microorganisms, disrupting their ability to survive and reproduce. In addition to their medical applications, antimicrobial agents are also used in household products, food preservation, and agriculture to prevent spoilage and contamination. The effectiveness of these agents can vary, and the misuse of antimicrobials can lead to resistance, making infections harder to treat.