Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) are safety features in vehicles designed to prevent wheel lock-up during hard braking. When a driver applies the brakes forcefully, ABS automatically modulates brake pressure to each wheel, allowing them to continue rotating. This helps maintain steering control and reduces the risk of skidding, especially on slippery surfaces. ABS consists of several components, including sensors that monitor wheel speed, a control unit that processes this information, and hydraulic valves that adjust brake pressure. By improving vehicle stability and control, ABS enhances overall safety for drivers and passengers, making it a crucial technology in modern automobiles.