Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the NMDA receptors in the brain. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including psychiatric issues, seizures, memory problems, and movement disorders. It often affects young women and can be triggered by tumors, particularly ovarian teratomas. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and tests for specific antibodies in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment usually includes immunotherapy, such as corticosteroids or plasma exchange, to reduce inflammation and help restore normal brain function. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for better outcomes.