Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine, leading to pain and stiffness. Over time, it can cause the vertebrae to fuse together, resulting in a rigid spine. Symptoms often begin in early adulthood and may include lower back pain, reduced flexibility, and discomfort in the hips and shoulders. The exact cause of ankylosing spondylitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to have a genetic component, often associated with the HLA-B27 gene. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life, typically involving medications and physical therapy.