The ancient city of Pergamon was a prominent cultural and political center in what is now modern-day Turkey. Founded in the 3rd century BCE, it became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon and was known for its impressive architecture, including the famous Altar of Zeus and the Library of Pergamon, which was one of the largest libraries of the ancient world. Pergamon was also a hub for the arts and sciences, attracting scholars and artists. The city played a significant role in the spread of Hellenistic culture and was later incorporated into the Roman Empire. Today, its ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing its historical significance.