Ameloblasts are specialized cells responsible for the formation of enamel, the hard outer layer of teeth. They originate from the ectoderm during tooth development and play a crucial role in the mineralization process, which makes enamel strong and durable. These cells are active during the early stages of tooth formation and eventually disappear once the enamel is fully developed. Ameloblasts secrete proteins and minerals that contribute to the structure of enamel, ensuring it can withstand the forces of chewing and protect the underlying dentin and pulp of the tooth.