Alkylation is a chemical process that involves adding an alkyl group, which is a type of hydrocarbon chain, to a molecule. This process is commonly used in organic chemistry to modify the properties of compounds, making them more reactive or altering their physical characteristics. Alkylation can occur through various methods, including reactions with alkenes or alkyl halides. In the petroleum industry, alkylation is important for producing high-octane gasoline. The process combines smaller hydrocarbons, such as isobutane and olefins, to create larger, branched-chain hydrocarbons that improve fuel quality. This enhances engine performance and reduces harmful emissions.