Alexia is a neurological condition that affects a person's ability to read. It typically occurs after brain damage, often due to a stroke or head injury, impacting areas of the brain responsible for language processing. Individuals with alexia may struggle to recognize written words, even if they can speak and understand spoken language. There are different types of alexia, including surface alexia and phonological alexia. Surface alexia involves difficulty recognizing whole words, while phonological alexia affects the ability to sound out words. Treatment often includes speech therapy and rehabilitation to help improve reading skills and adapt to the condition.