An address bus is a crucial component in a computer's architecture that carries the addresses of data from the processor to the memory. It allows the CPU to specify where data should be read from or written to in the system's memory. The width of the address bus, measured in bits, determines how much memory the system can access. For example, a 32-bit address bus can address up to 4 GB of memory. Address buses work alongside other buses, such as the data bus and control bus, to facilitate communication within the computer. While the address bus identifies the location of data, the data bus carries the actual data being transferred. Together, these buses enable efficient data processing and storage in systems like personal computers and servers.