The activated sludge process is a method used in wastewater treatment to remove organic matter and pollutants. It involves aerating wastewater in a tank, where microorganisms, or sludge, consume the organic materials. This process helps to break down harmful substances, making the water cleaner before it is released back into the environment. After aeration, the mixture of water and sludge is allowed to settle in a separate tank. The settled sludge, rich in microorganisms, can be recycled back into the aeration tank to maintain the process. This efficient system helps to ensure that treated water meets environmental standards before discharge.