A bioreactor is a vessel or container used to grow and cultivate microorganisms, cells, or tissues under controlled conditions. It provides an environment where biological reactions can occur, often involving the production of substances like proteins, enzymes, or biofuels. Bioreactors can vary in size and complexity, from small laboratory setups to large industrial systems. These systems are essential in various fields, including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. They help optimize conditions such as temperature, pH, and nutrient supply, ensuring maximum yield and efficiency. By using bioreactors, scientists and engineers can harness biological processes for commercial and research purposes.