The equation "a × 1 = a" illustrates a fundamental property of multiplication known as the identity property. This property states that any number multiplied by one remains unchanged. In this case, "a" can represent any number, such as 2, 5, or 100. This principle is essential in mathematics because it helps maintain the value of numbers during calculations. For example, if you have 3 and multiply it by 1, the result is still 3. This consistency is crucial for solving equations and understanding more complex mathematical concepts.