The Zionist Movement began in the late 19th century as a response to widespread anti-Semitism and the desire for a Jewish homeland. It aimed to establish a national identity for Jews and promote the settlement of Jews in Palestine, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. The movement gained momentum with the first Zionist Congress in 1897, led by Theodor Herzl, who is often considered the father of modern Zionism. Over the years, the movement evolved, leading to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The Zionist Movement has been a significant factor in Jewish history, influencing cultural, political, and social aspects of Jewish life. It remains a topic of discussion and debate in contemporary politics, particularly regarding its impact on Israeli-Palestinian relations.