Z3 is a powerful open-source theorem prover developed by Microsoft Research. It is designed to solve problems in formal verification, software analysis, and artificial intelligence. Z3 can handle a variety of logical formulas and supports multiple theories, making it versatile for different applications. Z3 operates by taking logical expressions as input and determining their satisfiability. It uses advanced algorithms to efficiently explore possible solutions, making it useful for developers and researchers in fields like computer science and mathematics. Its ability to integrate with programming languages like Python and C++ enhances its usability in various projects.