Yasuko Ohta's research primarily focuses on the field of biochemistry, particularly in understanding the mechanisms of protein folding and misfolding. Her work aims to uncover how proteins achieve their functional shapes and the implications of misfolded proteins in diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In addition to protein studies, Ohta investigates the role of chaperone proteins, which assist in the proper folding of other proteins. By exploring these interactions, her research contributes to the development of potential therapeutic strategies for various neurodegenerative disorders.