Xunzi was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived during the Warring States period (c. 310–235 BCE). He is best known for his belief that human nature is inherently selfish and that moral behavior must be cultivated through education and social institutions. Xunzi emphasized the importance of rituals and laws in shaping individuals and maintaining social order. His ideas contrast with those of Confucius, who believed in the innate goodness of people. Xunzi's writings, particularly in the text known as the Xunzi, explore themes of ethics, governance, and the role of the individual in society, making significant contributions to Confucianism.