Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are systems made up of many small devices called sensors that communicate wirelessly. These sensors collect data from their environment, such as temperature, humidity, or motion, and send this information to a central location for analysis. WSNs are often used in various applications, including environmental monitoring, smart homes, and industrial automation. The main advantage of WSNs is their ability to gather data from hard-to-reach areas without the need for extensive wiring. This makes them flexible and cost-effective for monitoring large areas. Additionally, WSNs can operate autonomously, allowing for real-time data collection and decision-making.