Windows Event Logs are records created by the Windows operating system to document system events, security incidents, and application activities. These logs help users and administrators monitor system performance, troubleshoot issues, and maintain security by providing detailed information about what happens on a computer. There are several types of event logs, including Application, Security, and System logs. Each log serves a specific purpose, such as tracking application errors, recording security-related events like logins, or monitoring system performance. Accessing these logs can be done through the Event Viewer tool, which allows users to filter and analyze the recorded events.