William III of England, also known as William of Orange, was born on November 4, 1650. He became the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution, which saw him and his wife, Mary II, take the throne from James II. William was a key figure in the struggle against Catholicism in England and was instrumental in establishing a constitutional monarchy. William's reign lasted until his death in 1702. He was known for his military leadership, particularly in the War of the Spanish Succession, and for promoting the Bill of Rights in 1689, which limited the powers of the monarchy and laid the foundation for modern parliamentary democracy in England.