William II of the Netherlands was born on December 6, 1792, and became king in 1840 after the abdication of his father, William I. His reign lasted until his own abdication in 1849. He was known for his efforts to modernize the Dutch government and military, as well as for promoting economic development. During his time as king, William II faced various political challenges, including the rise of liberal movements. He played a significant role in the establishment of the Dutch Constitution of 1848, which limited royal powers and expanded civil liberties. After his abdication, he lived in exile until his death on March 17, 1849.